Obama Names Hillary Clinton Top US Diplomat
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New York senator and former rival is president-elect's nominee for secretary of state
Senator Hillary Clinton (file photo)
U.S. President-elect Barack Obama has announced key members of his national security team Monday, including former bitter rival Hillary Clinton as the nominee for secretary of state.In the announcement from Chicago this morning, Obama kept Robert Gates as defense secretary, and named retired Marine General Jim Jones as national security advisor.Mr. Obama's nomination of Clinton comes after the two competed in a long and bruising contest for the 2008 Democratic presidential nomination.In other announcements, Mr. Obama nominated Arizona Governor Janet Napolitano as secretary of Homeland Security. Mr. Obama's foreign policy adviser, Susan Rice, was named ambassador to the United Nations. Former Deputy Attorney General Eric Holder was nominated for attorney general. If confirmed by the Senate, he will be the first African American in that post. To clear the way for Clinton, officials say her husband - former President Bill Clinton - has agreed to disclose the names of all donors to his foundation. He is expected to reveal more than 200,000 names in order to avoid any appearance of conflict of interest. He also will refuse donations from foreign governments to his charity, the Clinton Global Initiative. Officials say the former president also has agreed not to hold CGI meetings overseas, and will submit his speaking schedule and business activities for review.
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Mumbai Terror Attacks Heighten Tensions Between India, Pakistan
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Some say attacks could reverse gains from five-year peace process
The terror attacks in Mumbai have heightened tensions between India and Pakistan as Indian officials blame a Pakistan-based militant group for the attack. As Anjana Pasricha reports from New Delhi, the attacks could reverse the gains from a five-year peace process between South Asia's nuclear armed rivals. Indian Muslim girl takes part in candle march to condemn terrorist attacks and in memory of those killed, in Mumbai, 30 Nov 2008Indian investigators say that a gunman captured during the attacks on Mumbai admits he was trained in a camp in Pakistan by the Lashkar-e-Taiba, a Pakistan-based militant group blamed for previous attacks in India. In recent days, top Indian officials have blamed Pakistan-based terrorists for the well planned assault. About 10 to 15 heavily armed gunmen attacked different targets across India's business hub, killing and wounding hundreds of people.Pakistan has denied any involvement by its state agencies and vowed to cooperate in the investigation.A strategic analyst at New Delhi's Center for Policy Research, Bharat Karnad, says the terror attacks could strain the improving ties between the countries. But he says New Delhi is unlikely to do what it did following a deadly assault on its parliament by Pakistan-based militant groups in 2001 when it massed troops along its border, bringing the two countries to the brink of war. "I doubt very much whether this government has the will to get into a punitive mode, and order any kind of military counteraction or something of the kind," he said. "That won't happen. But yes relations are in tatters for the moment and that will be the case for a while now."Pakistan has already warned that if tensions with India escalate, it will have to move troops from its Afghan border to the Indian border.Some domestic reports say that the Indian government is considering suspending the peace process that began in the aftermath of the 2001 standoff. Foreign policy experts say talks with Islamabad may be put on hold temporarily, but rule out any "overreaction" on New Delhi's part.Former Indian foreign secretary, Lalit Mansingh, says New Delhi is unlikely to turn its back on "enormous progress" made in relations with Pakistan in recent years."Yes, there is a sense of disappointment that despite very categorical assurances by Pakistani leaders we have not seen the terror tap switched off as we had expected," Mansingh noted. "I think it is going to be taken up bilaterally with Pakistan and it is going to bet taken up through other friendly countries like the United States, Britain and other. But do we suspend normal links with Pakistan? I don't think so."U.S. Secretary of State, Condoleezza Rice is expected to discuss the terror attacks during a visit to India on Wednesday. India and Pakistan have fought three wars since their independence from Britain. India blames Pakistan-based groups for training and arming Islamic militants to conduct terror strikes in India and to foment a separatist insurgency in Indian Kashmir.
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On World AIDS Day, Doctor Says More Pediatrics AIDS Drugs Needed
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Dr. Denis Tindyebwa is regional director of pediatric care and treatment for Glaser Foundation in Tanzania
HIV, the AIDS virus, not only infects adults, but also
affects many children. Millions have become orphans, and many are infected at
birth.
One of the organizations dealing with pediatric
AIDS is the Elizabeth Glaser Foundation. Dr. Denis Tindyebwa is the
foundation's regional director of pediatric care and treatment. From Dar es
Salaam, Tanzania, he spoke to VOA English to Africa reporter Joe De Capua.
"There are more than two million children living
with HIV/AIDS globally and over 90 percent of those children live in Africa and
specifically sub-Saharan Africa. Those children really are not getting the
treatment that they should be getting. Only about 20 percent of the children
are getting the life saving anti-retroviral drugs. But the issue is that these
children in actual fact should not be getting HIV in the first place. And yet,
every day, approximately 1,000 children become newly infected with HIV, the
majority of them through mother-to-child transmission, and the majority of
them, over 90 percent of them, in Africa," he says.
Dr. Tindyebwa says the drugs to prevent
mother-to-child transmission of the AIDS virus are available, but are still not
reaching many pregnant women who need them. Weaknesses in the health system are
the first problem. "The mothers live far away from the health facilities. And
the second reason is that there are not an adequate number of health workers to
provide these services to the mothers," he says.
For those children born with HIV because their
mothers did not receive the preventive medication, he says, "There are efforts
to provide treatment to them. There are drugs that are available, although not
as well as they should be. Unfortunately, many drugs are…usually tested in
adults and then they are given to children and some of them might not be good
for children. But even the ones that are good for children are not readily
available to Africa. But even if they are readily available, they would not
have the clean water to mix the suspensions. We do not have refrigerators to
keep the solutions (cool)."
He says that what's need are simple to use
tablets that combine several medications in one pill.
Dr.
Tindyebwa warns that the younger generation is not as afraid of HIV/AIDS as
their parents or grandparents were. He says that the African culture has
changed because of Western influences, leading a person to have unsafe sex with
multiple partners. He also blames poverty as a driving force of the HIV/AIDS
epidemic.
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Thai Anti-Government Protesters Focus on Airports
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Court could dissolve parties, leading to fall of government and selection of new PM, some analysts say
Anti-government protesters have abandoned their occupation of a government administration building in the Thai capital Bangkok, and are focusing on the airports they have blockaded. As Ron Corben reports from Bangkok, the shift comes ahead of a court decision this week that may oust the current government.Leaders from the People's Alliance for Democracy, or PAD, asked protesters to leave the government office Monday afternoon, ending a siege that began in August. Anti-government protesters cheer during a rally at Suvarnabhumi international airport, 01 Dec 2008PAD leaders told supporters to move to the two airports the group has occupied and shut down over the past week, saying it was no longer safe for protesters to remain at the office building. Over the past few weeks there have been several small explosions at the compound that have resulted in injuries among protesters and at least two deaths. The protests are part of a campaign against the government led by the People's Power Party. The PAD accuses the government of acting on behalf of ousted Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra. The closure of the city's international and domestic airports is now in its 6th day. Tens of thousands of travelers are stranded, and there are estimates the occupation costs the economy $85 million a day.Attention is now shifting to a constitutional court decision that is expected Tuesday or Wednesday. The court could rule that the PPP and its coalition partners must be dissolved for campaign law violations before the December 2007 election. Chris Baker is an author and commentator on Thai politics."It seems very likely they will dissolve the PPP and possibly other parties; at which point the government falls. What happens after that is less clear. You would still have a functioning parliament. Therefore the next constitutional step would be for that parliament to select another prime minister," he said. But Baker said the opposition may attempt to block the vote for a new prime minister. The PPP has already created a new party identity, which could allow it retain control of the government until a general election is held.PPP party spokesman Kudeb Saikrajang said he is confident the government will remain in power. "The strategy is clear; we have set up a new party, Puan Thai, to welcome members of PPP to join them en mass so that we can continue our majority in parliament. Anyway we don't give up. We will let the newcomers to replace us right now," che said. Pro-government supporters gather for a rally Monday, 01 Dec 2008, in BangkokA ruling against the PPP could prompt the protesters to end their airport blockades. But there is concern in Bangkok that government supporters might become violent, because some have said any verdict that ousts the government would be a "coup by judiciary," which they would oppose. Like former Prime Minister Thaksin, most of the PPP's support comes from the working class and rural communities. The PAD is largely supported by the urban middle class, which considers Mr. Thaksin corrupt.
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Israel Turns Back Libyan Ship Carrying Aid Supplies to Gaza
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Officials say the ship, the Al Marwa, was carrying some 3,000 tons of aid when it was stopped by the Israeli navy
The Israeli navy has ordered a Libyan ship carrying humanitarian aid to the Gaza Strip to turn back.Libyan workers load food and medical supplies into Al Marwa boat under a giant Palestinian flag a day before it sailed from Sabratha port to Gaza strip, 24 Nov 2008Officials say the ship, the Al Marwa, was carrying some 3,000 tons of aid when it was stopped by the Israeli navy.Israel says there was no physical confrontation when it ordered the ship to turn around.Palestinian officials say the ship is now sailing to the Egyptian port of El-Arish. Gaza's borders have been largely sealed by Israel and Egypt following a violent takeover by the militant Hamas last year.The blockade has been stepped up in recent weeks due to a surge in border clashes between the Israeli military and Palestinian militants.
Some information for this report was provided by AFP and Reuters.
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Zimbabwe's Cholera Epidemic Hits Home
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Humanitarian organizations say country is experiencing major epidemic because of crumbling infrastructure and services
In Zimbabwe more than 400 people have died from an outbreak of cholera and the number of people infected is now believed to be more than 10,000 according to the United Nations. The Zimbabwean government has appealed for aid and blamed the country's problem on western sanctions. Peta Thornycroft has this report on one of the epidemic's victims, a civil rights activist who had survived many arrests on the streets of Harare.Cholera patients wait for treatment at Budiriro Polyclinic in Harare, 26 Nov 2008Julia Chapeyama, 44, a single mother, did not tell her family she was ill, because she was so worried about her 13-year-old daughter, Cynthia, who was in the hospital with cholera.When Chapeyama collapsed last week from the same disease, a friend took her in a wheel barrow to the nearest clinic where she died a few hours later.Chapeyama was a street vendor and member of the pro-democracy group "Women of Zimbabwe Arise", known as WOZA. She had been arrested many times during peaceful demonstrations by the country's notoriously brutal security forces.Chapeyama's friends are now caring for her two youngest daughters. They believe she caught cholera by drinking water from a shallow well in the garden. The well was dug five weeks earlier because her house had been without city water for four months. Chapeyama's 17-year-old daughter, Sandra, said sometimes the city water would come but only briefly and in the middle of the night. "When we fetch water from the tap it will be green with some bacteria and if you put it in the bucket you can see there is dirt in the water," she said.Cholera is a highly contagious form of diarrhea but is easily prevented with the provision of clean water and sanitation facilities and easily treated with rehydration medicines. Humanitarian organizations say Zimbabwe is experiencing a major cholera epidemic because of crumbling infrastructure and services. The United Nations Children's Fund,UNICEF, says the current death rate from the epidemic is four percent -- far higher than the normal death rate of one percent.The epidemic has also spread to neighboring South Africa, Botswana and Mozambique. UNICEF has provided hundreds of thousands of water purification tablets to residents of Harare. It is also drilling boreholes and distributing clean water in many of Harare's highly populated suburbs.But experts worry that the summer rains, which are imminent, will worsen the cholera situation.Community leaders say aid and education to combat the cholera epidemic have come primarily from western humanitarian agencies, private organizations such as WOZA and the Movement for Democratic Change party which opposes the ZANU-PF party of President Robert Mugabe. They say the government health ministry has done little.WOZA activist Salina Madukani, said the government's efforts to fight the epidemic have been restricted to making statements."Just words and hearing them talking on television but nothing, they are offering nothing," Madukani said.Public services in most Zimbabwean towns have been deteriorating for more than a decade because of a lack of maintenance by the cash-strapped government.The first democratically elected mayor of Harare, Elias Mudzure of the MDC, warned six years ago that the city's water distribution and sewage systems were in on the verge of collapse. He was sacked by ZANU-PF one year after he was elected and the party took over the city's affairs. ZANU-PF blames western "sanctions' for the cholera epidemic. The European Union and United States have imposed targeted sanctions on senior Zimbabwean officials because of authoritarianism and human rights abuses.However, international donors are feeding nearly one-half of the population and in recent years have provided most of the drugs used in government health services.
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Shuttle Endeavour Lands in California After Space Station Mission
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Bad weather forces officials to divert landing from Kennedy Space Center in Florida
The Space Shuttle Endeavour has landed after completing an 11-day mission to expand living space aboard the International Space Station. VOA's Brian Wagner reports from Miami. Space shuttle Endeavour and the STS-126 crew land at Edwards Air Force Base, California, 30 Nov 2008Endeavour touched down at Edwards Air Force Base in California, after bad weather forced officials to divert the landing from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. NASA officials had hoped to land Endeavour in Florida, to avoid the procedure of transporting the shuttle back to its home port.From the space station, Commander Mike Fincke watched the landing and thanked shuttle team members for their work."Congratulations to the crew of Endeavour and the entire team that made that incredible home makeover mission possible," said Mike Fincke. "What a great team we have. We are really proud of everyone."The Endeavour crew was on a 16-day mission that included delivering new supplies and equipment to expand facilities on the International Space Station.The additions of a new bathroom, kitchen and sleeping quarters will enable officials to double the size of the space station crew from three to six people by next year. The station also received a new recycling device that converts urine and sweat into drinking water. Astronauts conducted four space walks during the mission, to install new equipment on the station and repair a solar panel.Endeavour brought home astronaut Gregory Chamitoff, who spent six months living aboard the space station. He is replaced at the station by Sandra Magnus.The next shuttle mission is set for February, when Discovery will deliver additional equipment to the International pace Station.
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Eating Less Red Meat Could Cut Climate-Changing Emissions
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Activists suggest dietary shift away from red meat, dairy could have more impact on greenhouse gas emissions than eating locally
Environmental activists are encouraging Americans to buy more locally grown products to lower climate-changing emissions. But could a shift in the American diet be even more effective? Yes, according to a study published in the journal Environmental Science and Technology. As VOA's Rosanne Skirble reports, the study found that red meat and dairy products are responsible for nearly half of all greenhouse gas emissions from the food an average American household consumes.
There is an environmental cost in just moving food from the farm to your table. The farther food travels, the greater the emissions from the truck or boat or plane that carries it. The argument goes, if you could minimize that energy use, you could minimize the associated carbon dioxide emissions, says Christopher Weber, associate professor of environmental and civil engineering at Carnegie Mellon University and the study's lead author. Red meat is more greenhouse-gas-intensive than any other food"This isn't just transporting from the pig farm to the person, but transporting the feed from the corn field to the pig, transporting the fertilizer from the fertilizer manufacturer to the corn field and vice versa, going all the way back to, say, moving the oil from Saudi Arabia to the U.S.," he says. The researchers looked at the total life cycle of greenhouse gases emitted to produce the food consumed by an average American household. It turns out that transportation as a whole is not the main offender. It accounts for about 11 percent of those food-related emissions, with only 4 percent in the final delivery stage from producer to retailer. Agricultural and production practices are responsible for almost all the rest.Weber says methane and nitrous oxide from farm animals - in their manure - is far more polluting than the most familiar greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide. "These animals are producing a lot of manure which, if it is not handled correctly, which more often than not in this country is true, it produces methane and nitrous oxide, which are 20 and 200 times as potent as CO2," he says. Simply put, red meat is far more greenhouse-gas-intensive than all other foods, and Weber says, "You can have a much bigger impact by eating less grain-fed red meat and dairy in your diet than you can by eating locally."Carnegie Mellon University Associate Professor Christopher Weber says a shift in diet could have more impact on the environment than buying locallyWeber says a shift from beef to chicken, fish or eggs, or a vegetable-based diet just one day a week would have more impact on the environment than buying all household food locally for an entire year. "That would reduce your total impact by about 1,000 miles [1,600 kilometers] a year in a standard car," he says. If the average household were to shift totally away from red meat and dairy toward a vegetarian diet or one with some chicken, fish and eggs in it, that would amount to driving 8,000 fewer miles, or 13,000 kilometers. Weber has taken that message to heart. He eats no red meat and prepared his vegetarian Thanksgiving dinner with locally grown produce, knowing his carbon footprint would be lighter. "I haven't actually gone and done the actual calculations of how this would compare to a traditional meal, but I am fairly confident that it would be considerably lower," he says. Weber says in the next step of his research, he hopes to address the emissions impact of land use and different agricultural practices.
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Presidential Transition Process is Civil, Complex
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Handoff from one president to another is a massive undertaking by both sides
When one U.S. president leaves office and the next one takes over, hundreds of people are involved in a thorough, complex handoff of the federal government. This ensures its ongoing function throughout its many departments and agencies. In this segment of "How America Elects," presidential transition officials from several recent administrations describe the process. VOA's Jeffrey Young reports.President-elect Barack Obama and President George W. Bush (File Photo)It is the end of one presidential administration, and the beginning of the next. The U.S. government continues without interruption because of a formal transition process that enables the new president to properly function on his first day in office. When President-elect Barack Obama takes the oath of office on January 20, his new administration will already have detailed knowledge of the U.S. government's vast operations. That is the result of officials at many levels in the outgoing administration meeting with and familiarizing the new president's key people.Al FromElections can be contentious. But Al From, who handled domestic policy for incoming President Bill Clinton in 1992, says politics is separate from the transition process."You just can't say, you know, We have been in the White House for four years or eight years," he said. "Our party lost the election. The new guys are coming in. Here are the keys. Take over.' The government has to function." The 2000 transition between Presidents Clinton and George W. Bush was held up for more than a month because of the vote recount in Florida. The fight between Democrat Al Gore and Republican George W. Bush went all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court. It ruled in favor of Mr. Bush, who then claimed the White House. But despite the political turmoil, the transition was civil and effective.Mack McLartyThe massive size of the U.S. government requires several hundred outgoing and incoming transition officials to properly hand off the reins of power, as President Clinton's first Chief of Staff, Mack McLarty, explains. "There is no way to accomplish this without organizing, breaking down if you will, the various multifaceted aspects of government - Defense, Justice, Commerce - all of the cabinet agencies," he stated. "Of all of the independent agencies like NASA, the Office of Science, the National Endowment [for the Arts] - - on and on and on. It is a big federal government." Paul McNulty handled Justice Department transition for both President Bushes in 1992 and 2000. He describes a detailed process his teams underwent that is common throughout the government. Paul McNulty"The transition at the Department of Justice requires dozens of people working in an audit-like approach to each one of those pieces. Coming in, meeting with the officials of that particular component of DOJ, getting an idea of the budget, the number of people in the component, and the hottest issues on the table at the time. And then bringing that information into a succinct, clear summary, and providing that to the new team of leaders coming into the Department of Justice," he said. Clay JohnsonAnd the work does not stop when the new president is inaugurated. Clay Johnson, who was Executive Director of President Bush's incoming transition team in 2000, says the frenetic pace extends well into the first year of the new administration. "Everybody is working seven days a week for probably the two and a half months of the transition period, and almost certainly for the six to eight months of the, of the first six to eight months of the new administration. It is just a very, very intense time," he stated.
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Controversial Movie on Ataturk Stokes Debate in Turkey
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Documentary 'Mustafa' portrays founder of Turkish republic as hard-living, hard-drinking, melancholy man who felt increasingly detached from country he created
Turks treat Ataturk, the founder of their republic, with great reverence. So when the release of a documentary divulging details of his personal life was released, a furor errupted. As Dorian Jones reports from Istanbul the documentary on his life, called Mustafa paints Ataturk as a hard-living, hard-drinking, melancholy man who felt increasingly detached from the country he created. Man walks by poster advertising documentary 'Mustafa' in IstanbulThe documentary Mustafa's catchy soundtrack by Goran Bregovic is reverberating across Turkey, as is the subject of the film.Mustafa is the first Turkish film that takes a close look at the private side of the man who was the architect of modern Turkish society. For many, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk has an almost iconic status. But the film's director, Can Dundar, says he is seeking to portray the man behind the legend."While we are accustomed to an image of Ataturk with his loud voice and strong statements, one gets surprised to see a Mustafa who noted down his own adolescence worries," Dundar said. "We also revealed very intimate information from unseen letters, about himself. This film reveals the man that disappeared under all big and cliché words about him." The film explores Ataturk's tough childhood and his difficult early life. But among the films most striking portrayals is Ataturk as a heavy-drinking, chain-smoking womanizer, who loved to party and dance. Giant poster of Mustafa Kemal AtaturkThe film also shows a vulnerable man who felt increasingly alone and frustrated at the end of his life. These revelations caused a storm, drawing strong condemnation from some sectors of the media. On the streets of Istanbul there seems to be many who share such concerns about the film. "It's very bad," one man said. "I did not like it at all. The film Mustafa tries to cheapen the image of Ataturk. We don't need to know he had weaknesses like any other man. Can Dundar is trying to destroy his reputation and his ideas and what he has achieved." A court case has been filed against Dundar for discrediting Ataturk's image - a criminal offense in Turkey. Media professor Haluk Sahin of Istanbul's Bilgi University acknowledges such reaction over a man who died 70 years ago may seem strange to some. But Sahin says Ataturk's legacy remains very much alive in modern Turkey, although he says the film Mustafa is an indication of a paradigm shift in Turkish society."Ataturk was the one the unifying icon to give the people of this country a sense of an identity a sense of pride as citizens of that country," Sahin noted. "Some 70 years after his death Turkey has developed some other unifying images, but Ataturk still remains the dominating one. So that makes the way he's being discussed as sensitive. Our area of tolerance what can be discussed what can be depicted is expanding and this just another sign of this expansion." Dundar has been careful not to get too sucked into the controversy , But he is the first to admit his film is by no means a definitive statement of Ataturk. He sees his documentary as another step in a process to help people to draw their own conclusions over who the man is."The audience will decide upon what kind of man Mustafa is," Dundar said. "Mine is a subjective interpretation. I can't say this is the truth. This is a kind of archeological excavation to reach to his truth." Despite the controversy, or maybe because of it, Mustafa has topped the country's box office for the last 3 weeks, with over a million tickets sold. The film is warmly received by another packed cinema. Many, as they leave to head home or to a nearby café, are engrossed in conversations about the documentary and Ataturk. One of them is Mehmet Tas."The movie is really great, because they always teach us that he always does this," Tas said. "He was in a war and he won this. But we did not know he knew really good salsa dance or that kind of things. It's amazing because it shows the other side of Mustafa and many people doesn't know that." Critics and fans of Mustafa can agree on at least one thing. That the documentary has provoked a passionate debate about who Ataturk really was. His picture adorns most shops, schools and many homes.
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